Effects of Media Globalization on Arab Culture Essay

Effects of Media Globalization on Arab Culture - Essay Example If the information technology and media dimensions are prohibited from entering into their closed territories, the countries lag behind and no country can afford to do that. Also all countries are anxious to take advantage of the benefits of globalisation, open their culture and attractions to tourism industry, so that they could be financially benefited. Environment is another matter that belongs to all the countries of the world and no country could afford to stay out of this issue. Arab countries are also keen on opening up the economy to venture into highly profitable imports and exports without which they will remain backward, while others are moving relentlessly forward. At the same time, most countries with closed cultures do not like their people to watch, learn and get influenced by other cultures. Some countries and cultures have an unfortunate view that only their culture is the best and all other cultures are unholy. Even for them it is important to take advantage of the technological improvements and discoveries from the 'unholy' cultures. Hence, the dilemma continues and even such countries cannot choose to lag behind by closing their doors to globalisation and information technology and rightly so. It is important to know all the diverse views about globalisation, media explosion and communication on the rather cosseted world of Arab culture. There are many views and most of them are against the globalisation. This does not mean that they do not want the benefits of globalisation. They only need the culture to be maintained as it had been done all these centuries. It is significant to find out how they could do it, and how effective they are in their goal. Also it is important to know how the global consumerism is catching up in the Islamic world of Arab countries. It is pertinent to peep into the women mentality and their freedom and if there had been any effect in that field at all. Finally it is necessary to know how Lebanon is fairing under globalisation and media explosion because Lebanon is in a unique position as it is caught in the political upheaval for a long time, a struggle for supremacy with Israel, a difficult problem of maintaining and working with Hezbollah, an d at the same time, trying to contain the terrorist and militant fractions of the society. LITERATURE REVIEW There is definitely broad diversity of opinions about the profit and loss of the effect of the internationalisation of non-tradition media under globalisation. In a way, Arab countries including Lebanon are trying to find political and economic solutions while trying to keep the social dimensions unchanged and this might become quite a challenging task eventually. Like any other country in the world, Arab countries too are living in a rapidly changing world and absolutely emotional attachment to the origins might become difficult and to some extent, a hindrance. There are opinions that globalisation in a way helped the Arab world to unite further. "I refer, above all, to the advanced communications technology which has functioned, on the one hand, to transfer the forces of globalization to the rest of the world and, on the other, to strengthen the bonds of language, culture, customs and tradition between Arab Americans and their original homelands" says Nasser in http://www.alhewar.c om/HGANasser.htm In the same speech Dr. Nasser goes on

Introduction Of KFC In Mauritius

Introduction Of KFC In Mauritius The necessity for all human being is eating which is observably a daily action. For eating at restaurants, it depend on an individuals reason and is intentionally or instinctively assess by a multifarious set of attributes ahead before choosing a restaurant. Thus, this study is to investigate how much service quality has an impact on customer satisfaction and retention especially in our Mauritian context at KFC. As there is a casual inter-relationship between customer satisfaction and service quality, this study aims to find out the effectiveness of the service dimensions of service quality which leads to customer satisfaction and finally to retention at KFC. An individual feeling of pleasure and disappointment is known as satisfaction and the customer satisfaction is very important for any organization. All the main aspects will be analyzed and recommendations will be drawn out for better improvement. Company Background History Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) was founded by Colonel Harland Sanders in 1952 and its primary focus is fried chicken. KFC also offers grilled and roasted chicken products, wraps, salads, sandwiches and desserts as well beef based products outside the USA. Although the death of Sanders in 1980, he remains a vital part of the firms branding and advertisements, and Colonel Sanders or The Colonel is a metonym for the company itself. In 1991, the abbreviated form of its name KFC was adopted by the company. The Present KFC operates more than 5,200 restaurants in the United States and more than 15,000 units around the world. In 109 countries and territories around the world, KFC daily serves more than 12 million customers. KFC is world famous for its Original Recipe fried chicken, made up of 11 herbs and spices secretly blended together. Colonel Harland Sanders perfected more than a half century ago. Based on the Fortune 500 List, KFC is ranked on 239 positions with revenues in excess of $11 billion in 2008. Introduction of KFC in Mauritius With time, consumers were more demanding for large variety of food and then, the first KFC outlet was launched in Mauritius-1983. Pick N Eat is the company which operates the KFC franchise in Mauritius. KFC has carved a solid reputation as a quick service restaurant which provides quality products and service. Across our island, 18 outlets are spread out and 10,000 customers daily are enjoying their finger-linking favorites in the consumer-friendly environment. Background of the program In the fierce competition, the market trend has changed noticeably from agricultural to service market. The service sector especially fast food industry is in a rapid growth and gain a sustainable position in the market due to lack of time to prepare food and dual income families. All of the fast food businesses are trying their best to improve their service quality in order to make customer satisfied and return back to them again. They are concentrating more on service quality in order to meet the needs and expectations of the customer. The more satisfied the customers are, the more likely they are to return to the restaurant. The fast food industry has undoubtedly not been free from either augmented competition or from increasing customer expectations regarding quality. In the fast food industry, the perceived quality holds a great importance to create a retention effect for customers. So the fact is that when the service providers are able to satisfy its customers with good manage rial arrangement, the foods quality provided, have efficient staff, then a positive outcome is seen in customers retention in a particular restaurant. Problem Statement Service quality is a vital strategy for any restaurants, success and repeat business and it has long been defined by adopting a rather more customer-oriented view and not by the restaurateur-oriented (Saleh and Ryan, 1991). Customer is the key role in any business, without any customer it is difficult to do business. It is necessary to work closely with your customer. As customers can also create your business, thus, customer is the major part of business and also in the market. Business runs through customer, without the customer there is no business. Due to the increasing competition with other restaurants and quality-conscious customers, it is vital to carry out this research. There is a need for further improvement in order to face the competitors and meet the increasing customers expectation concerning quality. Based on the actual service quality performance of KFC, it is important to identify if customers are satisfied with the current situation and are likely to retain at KFC or switch to other competitors. Also, to find out the factors of service quality that leads to customer satisfaction and retention. From the above reasons, it is important that the service performance meets or exceeds customers and their expectation, the customer will be satisfied. Service quality is an antecedent of customer satisfaction. Therefore, this warrants a study to assess the customers expectation and perception, examine its discrepancy gaps and the service quality dimensions that influence customer satisfaction and retention. Research Objectives -To determine customers expectation and perception level towards service quality. -To identify the discrepancy gap between customers expectation and perception level towards service quality. -To identify the SERVQUAL dimensions which have an influence on customer satisfaction and retention? Research Questions -What is customers expectation and perception towards service quality? -What is the discrepancy gap exist between customers expectation and perception towards service quality? -What are the SERVQUAL dimensions which have an influence on customer satisfaction and retention? Aims of the study This study is to find out whether the service dimensions have an impact on customer satisfaction and retention at KFC by using the SERVQUAL Model by Parasuraman, Zenithaml, and Berry (1988). It will also explore the service aspects that affect and influence customer satisfaction and retention. Significance of the study This study will act as a practical guideline for KFC, especially for the management and the front line employees which may increased a higher level of customer satisfaction in the near future. The results of this quantitative assessment of service quality may provide some insights into how customers rate the service and assessed customer satisfaction at KFC. The outcomes will utilize as a basis to improve their existing service quality or to develop a new one in order to meet with the customers needs and satisfy them. Furthermore it will help KFC managers to know if they are providing services according to the norms established by customers. The management will be able to come up with a strategy for upgrading their service quality which will definitely lead to customer satisfaction and retention. All these views of customers will help KFC to remedy problems if there are and maintain their service quality. Phases of the discussion Introduction In the first chapter, the problem area is discussed with a deeper understanding regarding the research. The problem discussion ends with a research objectives and questions. In the end of this chapter, the contributions of this research are also presented. Literature Review In the literature review, the service qualitys impact on customer satisfaction and retention is discussed with the following purposes of assessing customers expectation, customers and employees perception, identifying their gaps and the influencing service quality aspects. Research Methodology ************************************* Analysis ************************************************* Conclusion and Recommendation ******************************************************** Conclusion The first chapter provided us a background to the outline of the dissertation. It contained the research context, which is, identify the problems, and establish its aims and its objectives, set out the research questions and finally present the outline of the study. Chapter 2- LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction This chapter will give an overview of literature and models that presented by writers and journalists. It will support the research objective presented in the previous chapter. The chapter will elaborate the concepts of service, service quality, customer satisfaction, customer retention, service quality dimensions, the gaps and others. 2.2 Fast Food Industry The fast food industry is also known as Quick Service Restaurants (QSR) and has been serving delicious food for as long as people lived on. The fast food generally refers to the food served to customers in form of packaged for takeout or on the spot with minimum preparation time. The Mauritian fast food industry was primarily started with the famous dholl-puri and is still in great demand. But, due to globalization, the fast food industry has gradually breakthrough the Mauritian lifestyle. The consumer demand has evolved as they demand for a variety of food in a comfortable, stylish place and for busy people a quick bite at all times of the day. Today, these products form part of the Mauritian lifestyle and culture. People look for the convenience in order to improve their lives and productivity. Recent studies have shown that one out of every two-and-a-half-meal today is eaten away from home (Kara et al 1997). The fast food industry is not without its challenges. There is an increased focus on the quality of food served in the fast food restaurants. But, in this fierce competition of today, the right marketing approach and application of service quality is vital to compete with competitors as well as retain customers. The fast food industry is large and diverse in itself with lots of opportunities that challenge is being answered with new offerings and strategies to lure consumer back in. In the new emerging fast food industry, KFC is expanding in accordance with the customers demand despite the environmental problems and provide its potential to give a meal in a pleasant atmosphere. Jang Namkung (2009) proposed three factors: service and product quality as well as the atmospherics element are considered as the main restaurant attributes affecting the perceived quality of customers experiences at a restaurant. The total dining experience in a restaurant is comprised of not only food itself, but also the atmosphere (physical aspects) and the service provided. Thus, the fast food industry is based on the principles of quality food served fast and requires fast-reaction solutions to customers needs if they want to satisfy and retain customers. 2.3 Service There are many definitions concerning the concept of service by researchers. The term service was describe by the author Gronroos (1983) as: An activity or series of activities of more or less intangibles nature that normally, but not necessarily, take place in interactions between the customer and service employees and/or physical resources or goods and / or systems of service provider, which are provided as solutions to customer problems. Another definition was given by the author (Payne, 1993) said that service is Any primary or complementary activity that does not directly. Produce a physical product that is, the non-goods part of the transaction between customer and provider. Whereas Kotler et. al. (1999) is of opinion the service is regarded as any activity or benefit that one party offers to another which is essentially intangible and does not result in the ownership of anything, and it may or may not be tied to a physical product. Normally, lots of people are involved in a s ervice process and it is tough to do an analysis of service or to duplicate the same service exactly. In today market, products heavily rely on its service to acquire competitive advantage and to satisfy customers needs. Each authors mentions service as an exchange between the service provider and customers as well as its intangibility nature. The most vital point is simply the participation of the customer in the service process. KFC provides quality product and service with full customers interaction. 2.4 Service Quality In the service industry, service quality has become a crucial tool. Practitioners are more interested in the concept of service quality which has an advantageous effect on the outcome performance for the company. Service quality is a critical element of customer perceptions as well as in determining customer satisfaction. Various experts have defined service quality differently. Parasuraman et al. (1985) proposed a formal definition of service quality as the degree and direction of discrepancy between customers service perception and expectation. Satisfaction occurs when the expectations meet or exceed the performance level whereas customer dissatisfaction occurs when the expectation is below the perceived quality. Asubonteng et al. (1996) defines service quality as the extent to which a service meets customers need and expectation. Hooley, Saunders and Piercy (2004) A prime factor in differentiating the product or service from that of competitors is quality. Quality concerns the fit ness for purpose of a product or service. For manufactured products that can include the durability, appearance or grade of the product while in services it often comes down to the tangible elements of the services, the reliability and responsiveness of the service provider, the assurance provided of the value of service and empathy, or caring attention, received. According to these authors, the service quality is normally the customer perceptions and the organizations activities together with delivering quality service that matched to customer expectations on a consistent basis. Service quality is a key survival of all restaurants as it is the most powerful competitive weapon that can be used against competitors and to attract as well as to retain customers. These authors highlights that two main factors affect the quality of a services, that is, expected service and perceived service. 2.5 SERVQUAL Approach The SERVQUAL framework has come up for the purpose to improve service quality in services and retailing organizations as it has suggest that customer satisfaction is based on multiple factors rather than one. The SERVQUAL method was developed by Parasuraman et al. in 1988 as a technique used to perform a gap analysis of an organizations service quality performance against customer service quality needs. Parasuraman et al. (1988) came up with five dimensions (grouped with 22 attributes) to measure service quality which is responsiveness, assurance, tangibility, empathy and reliability. The SERVQUAL instrument is regarded as a reliable method of measuring service quality (explore customers expectation and perceptions), which in turn leads to a measurement of customer satisfaction. Internationally, KFC already have a service quality assurance team for regular surveys with a theory known as CHAMPS (consist of cleanliness, hospitality, accuracy, maintenance, the standard of product quality plus service speed). This is to evaluate the customers experience whether they are satisfied or not with the products and services. In Mauritius, KFC has already executed the theory of service quality and conduct survey concerning the services. Thus, in the study, the SERVQUAL method will be used for further research work. 2.5.1 SERVQUAL Dimensions In 1985, Parasuraman et al. has identified ten determinants for measuring service quality which are as follows: responsiveness, reliability, access, competence, courtesy, credibility, communication, security, tangibility and understanding or knowing the customer. Later, in 1998, Parasuraman et al. refined the model to the useful acronym RATER:- Reliability It is defined as the ability to perform the promised service dependably and accurately or delivering on its promises (Zeithaml et al., 2006, p. 117). It is one of the most important service components for customers as it implies doing it right the first time. The service organizations need to keep its promise and maintain an error free record. The reliability factors are efficiency in the billing system, consistency in serving customers, and the staff performs tasks that have been promised to guests and well trained staff. For the food beverage industry, reliability can be interpreted to mean fresh food delivered at the correct temperature and accurately the first time (Andaleeb Conway, 2006). In the Mauritian context, KFC has its own training center recognized by the franchisor for their staff. The chicken is prepared on the spot and they make sure that the service delivery is consistent and timely. The most significant policy of KFC is evaluating the customers experience with its service, whether they are satisfied or not. They can also put their comments and suggestions for further improvements of the products and services of KFC. Assurance Assurance is defined as the employees knowledge and courtesy and the service providers ability to inspire trust and confidence (Zeithaml et al., 2006, p. 119). The assurance factors are staffs knowledge about the menu, safety, security, trustworthy and friendly staff. Customers are more likely to use tangible evidence to assess the assurance dimension such as awards or special certificates which give a new customer confidence. KFC has achieved National Quality Awards and have a Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) program is implemented in order to identify, evaluate and control any physical and environmental hazards in the work place. And the logo of HACCP is visible in every restaurant as an assurance dimension. Tangibility Tangible is defined as the physical facilities, equipment, staff appearance and others. In accordance with the author, Zeithamal et al. (2006) this dimension is comprised to the current appearance and shape of the cutlery, the restaurants interiors decor, silverwares and the uniform of the staff, the layout and appearance of the menu list, restaurant signage and advertising campaign. Tangibles are used by firms to convey image and signal quality (Zeithaml et al., 2006). Customers use this dimension to evaluate the quality. KFC has its own evidence of its service in terms of products, packaging, printed and visual marketing materials, websites, and staff appearance, virtual evidence of handling queries and feedback through Facebook and other online services. Empathy Empathy is the extent to which caring individualized service is given to a customer. The customer is treated as a king. Many small companies use this ability to provide customized services as a competitive advantage over the larger firms (Zeithaml et al., 2006). The empathy components are willingness to handle requests, give individualized attention to customers, and show enthusiasm to serve and to answer to all queries accurately. Empathy may be important to ensure customer loyalty as the server knows how the customer likes his or her food prepared. In return, the customer is easily approach and spell out their needs to the service provider. If a company looks its customer as an individual, as result, the company will come out as a winner. KFC take care of each individual customer by providing the meal according to the customer requirement. Such as, a meal can be upgraded by adding cheese, pineapple, tomato, plain or spicy chicken as per the customers taste. Before launching a new product, KFC take care of its customers opinion into consideration through Facebook and keep continuous communication with the customer through regular survey. Responsiveness Responsiveness is defined as the willingness to help customers and provide prompt service (Zeithaml et al., 2006, p. 117). The responsiveness factors are short waiting period for the service delivery, attend complaints quickly, availability of staff when needed and restaurants action upon customer suggestions. In order to be responsive, a service provider has to determine how long it would take to get answer or to solve a problem. To be successful, companies need to look at responsiveness from the view point of the customer rather than the companys perspective (Zeithaml et al., 2006). This dimension captures the notion of flexibility and ability to customize the service according to the customer needs. KFC handle complaints quickly especially through Facebook and the staff are willing to help customer as well as keeping in mind for short waiting period in service delivery. 2.5.2 Service Quality Gaps Model In 1990, Zeithaml, Parasuraman and Berry have developed a survey instrument to measure the gap between customers expectation for excellence and their perception of actual service delivered. The SERVQUAL model uses the terms that describe one or more determinants of a quality service encounter. Gronroos (1982), Lewis and Booms (1983); Parasuraman et al. (1985) have the same opinion that the most frequently used approach to measure service quality is SERVQUAL to compare the customers expectation prior to the service encounter and their perception after the actual service delivery. Basically, there are seven principal gaps in the service qualitys concept, out of which Gap 1, Gap 5 and Gap 6 are more associated with the external customers as they have a direct relationship with customers. Figure 2.1: SERVQUAL or Gaps Model (Zeithaml Parasuaman Berry 1988 Gap 1: Management perceptions of consumer expectations and Customers expectations and It is the knowledge gap which portrays the difference between the management beliefs about customers, expectations and what customers actually need and expect. This gap happens when there is insufficient flow of communication upwards, lack of marketing research orientation and too many level of management. Gap 2: Management perceptions of consumer expectations v/s service specifications It is a policy gap where a difference occurs between management perceptions regarding customers expectations and service specifications are set for service delivery. The reasons for this gap are unfeasibility, inadequate commitment to service quality and task standardization as well as an absence of goal setting. Gap 3: Service quality specifications opposite service delivery It is the difference between the service specifications and the service delivery teams actual performance on these specifications. The gap is a result of poor employee-job fit, lack of perceived control and lack of teamwork. Gap 4: Service delivery v/s external communication to customers The communication gap is the difference between what the company communicates and what is actually delivers to the customer. It is due to inadequate horizontal communications and propensity to over- promise. Gap 5: The discrepancy gap between customers expectations and customers perceptions of the service delivered It is the difference between what has actually delivered and what customers feel they have received. Customer expectations are influenced by the extent of personal needs, past service experiences and word of mouth recommendation. The difference occurs when customers are influenced and service provider has shortfalls. Gap 6: The discrepancy gap between customer expectations from the service provider and employees perceptions of consumers expectations The service quality gap is what the customers expect to receive and their perception of the service that is actually delivered. There is a difference in the understanding of customer expectations by front-line service provider. Gap 7: The discrepancy gap between employees perceptions and management perceptions of consumers expectations This gap is mainly an internal difference in the organization such as differences in understanding of customer expectations between management and employees. 2.6 Customer Satisfaction Customer satisfaction is the heart of marketing. Customer satisfaction is the customers evaluation of the service or product against if their needs and expectations are meant. For any restaurant, customer satisfaction is more important as it forms a part of marketing. In past years, customer satisfaction was not that important but today it is the most important issue in term of the most reliable feedback for a restaurants excellency. Richard L. Oliver (1997, P.13) define customer satisfaction as Satisfaction is the consumers fulfillment response. It is a judgment that a product or service feature, or the product or service itself, provides a pleasurable level of consumption-related fulfillment. Customers satisfaction is highly influenced by their characteristics, their emotional responses and their perceptions of equity. As Kotler (2000, p.36) defined that satisfaction is a persons feelings of pleasure or disappointment resulting from comparing a products perceived performance (or ou tcome) in relation to his or her expectation. If the performance didnt meet the expectation of the customer, then dissatisfaction will occur. If the performance exceeds the customers expectation, then satisfaction will occur. If the performance exceeds more than expected, then the customer will delighted. In the context of customer satisfaction, Johnston and Clark (2005) have describe it as Service as the combination of outcomes and experience delivered to and receives by a customer. Customers therefore judge the quality of the service on the experience as well as the outcome. Due to current competitive edge, customers are abreast with the fact of product quality and every service provider is interested to satisfy customers needs and wants. All of three authors explain customer satisfaction as a bunch of desired expectations of a customer that has been fulfilled by the service provider. But, Richard L. Olivers definition is more applicable in this research work which emphasis that satisfaction is based upon service itself. KFC take care for its customer satisfaction by providing an online questionnaire on its website regarding customer satisfaction. 2.7 Customer Retention Lovelock (2004) illustrates importance of customer retention The hardest part of a business is customer retention. If a company does not retain its customers, inevitably it will fail. Marketing essentially means keeping customer loyalty. In order to have a good lifetime value of customers, an organization needs to have good strategies to retain them and arouse loyalty within them for lifetime. Laura Lake (2010) defined Customer retention is not only a cost effective and profitable strategy, but in todays business world its necessary. This is especially true when you remember that 80% of your sales come from 20% of your customer and clients In the starting point of a business, customer retention is very important as the cost involved in attracting new customers are five times higher than retaining an existing one. Hill and Alexander (2006) defined It is becoming accepted that there is a strong link between customer satisfaction, customer retention and profitability. By fulfilling cust omer expectation, an organization provides all service according to the customers preferences and in return, the customer is loyal to the organization. It makes profit for the organization and organization has to retain by providing continuous good services, better customer satisfaction and that will be profitability for the organization. So, organization has to make strong relation with customers as high rates of customer retention are a competitive weapon against its competitors. By having a questionnaire always on the website, KFC is trying to take care of that small segment of customers who are satisfied or dissatisfied with its service quality. In this way, KFC tries to retain those happy customers than losing them. 2.8 Customers expectations and perceptions 2.8.1 Customers expectations Customer expectations are increasing day by day and demanding for quality products and services; therefore expectations play an important role in the formation of customer satisfaction. The term expectations really matters to companies because they want to know what customers expectations are. According to Oliver (1981) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ expectations are consumer-defined probabilities of the occurrence of positive and negative events if the consumer engages in some behavior. Customers form their expectations from their past experience, friends advice, and marketers and competitors information and promises. Organizations in order to keep expectations from rising, they have to perform services properly from the first time (Parasuraman et al. 1988). There is tendency that if a service is not delivered as promised, thus the customers expectations are likely to rise in the next encounter. Expectations serve as reference points in customers assessment of performance (Cronin Taylor, 1992). Th e purpose of trying to understand customers expectations is trying to ensure that service can be designed and delivered in order to meet those expectations. If the operation meets the expectations, or indeed exceeds them, then customers are satisfied with the service. If they are satisfied they are more likely to become valuable customers who not only use the service again, but are positively disposed towards it and may even recommend it to other Johnston and Clark (2005). Therefore, the perceived service quality is viewed as the difference between consumers perceptions and expectations for the service provided. 2.8.2 Customers perceptions Mc Kenna (2000) is of opinion that perception is a vital process in a persons life where he or she has to manage and interpret a situation or an event to define a particular respond. Service firms must understand the concept of service quality from the point of view of the customer, not from the view point of the service firm or service provider. Besides, customer perceives services in the response to quality pertaining to the service and the extent to which they are satisfied with the overall service with their experiences (Zeithaml and Bitner 2003). The customer satisfaction is determined by the customers perceptions and expectations of the service quality. Customer perceives services in terms of the quality of the service and how satisfied they are overall with their experience. The customers perception varies from customer to customer and each one has different beliefs towards the services that play a crucial role in determining customer satisfaction. Therefore, customer percepti on and customer satisfaction are very closely linked together, because if the perceived service is close to customers expectations it leads to satisfaction. Satisfied customers provide recommendations; maintain loyalty towards the company and customers in turn are more likely to pay price premiums (Reichheld, 1996). As such, perceived service quality is a key component of customer satisfaction. 2.9 Relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction A great emphasis need to be heightened on service quality and customer satisfaction. In old times, customers were not concerned about quality and their satisfaction does not have such importance. But, today,

The Call Of The Wild :: essays research papers

Title: The Call of the Wild Author: Jack London Type of book: Fiction Date Completed: September 12, 2001 Summary:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The novel, The Call of the Wild, follows a four-year-old mixed Saint Bernard and Scottish shepherd, named Buck. In the beginning of the story, Buck lives in the home of Judge Miller, located at Santa Clara Valley, California. In Santa Clara, Buck lives a luxurious life. At the time of the story, gold is discovered in the North. With this discovery, the value of large dogs like Buck escalated dramatically. The dog’s value was due most to their ability to haul heavy sleds through the abundant snow. Unfortunately, Judge Miller’s servant, Manuel steals Buck to sell him to a band of dog-nappers to pay for his accumulating gambling debts. The ring of thieves that bought Buck is gaining a secure banking by trading the dog to northern executives. Buck, who has had an easy life so far, does not adapt well to the terrain as the other canines do. Buck does not easily tolerate the confinement and mistreatment of his new authority. Buckâ€℠¢s gains the misconception, which then is an aide that any man with a club is a dominator and must be obeyed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After an expedition into the North Buck discovers his new location and temporary home. Once arrived buck rapidly accommodates to his new environment. Buck masters many skills that are mandatory to survive in his new habitat. Buck discovers that he can rely on his animal instinct and basic intellect to acquire the essentials to exist in the tundra. One of the most significant concepts learned by Buck is that while being attacked his must take an offense to survive. Another essential concept Buck grasps is that he must be at constant alert and that his size makes him inferior to others. Buck’s quick adaptations assist in his survival.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Following being starved for numerous days, Buck’s original instinct to kill and eat raw meat is revived within. During this occasion, Buck is opposed against Spitz, the vigorous, dynamic, hierarch of the sled team. Buck and Spitz have a couple of battles against each other; however, the fight in Buck makes the outcome victorious on Buck’s behalf. Buck then becomes conductor of the sled team. This rank of authority makes the superiority of Buck even more prominent. During this rank, Buck attains the admiration of his current masters, Perrault and Franà §ois, who challenge Buck for quite sometime.

Individual Health Assessment Essay

Client/Patient Initials: DN| Sex: M| Age: 66 | Occupation of Client/Patient: Retired| Health History/Review of Systems(Complete and systematic review of systems)| Neurological System (headaches, head injuries, dizziness, convulsions, tremors, weakness, numbness, tingling, difficulty speaking, difficulty swallowing, etc., medications):No complaints of headaches, no past head injuries, no complaints of dizziness, no history of convulsion, tremors or weakness. The patient states he has had no numbness, tingling, or unsteady gait. The patient denies dysphagia or dysphasia. | Head and Neck (pain, headaches, head/neck injury, neck pain, lumps/swelling, surgeries on head/neck, medications):The patient denies head pain, head or neck injury or trauma, no nodules or surgeries. The patient denies taking medication for head or neck. | Eyes (eye pain, blurred vision, history of crossed eyes, redness/swelling in eyes, watering, tearing, injury/surgery to eye, glaucoma testing, vision test, glasses or contacts, medications):The patient does wear corrective glasses. The patient denies redness or swelling in eyes nor watering. The patient denies history of eye injury or surgery. | Ears (earache or other ear pain, history of ear infections, discharge from ears, history of surgery, difficulty hearing, environmental noise exposure, vertigo, medications):The patient denies ear pain or recent ear infections. The patient does have a bandage to right ear stating he just â€Å"had skin cancer removed†. Incision intact. No surrounding redness or swelling. The patient denies drainage. The patient denies vertigo. | Nose, Mouth, and Throat (discharge, sores or lesions, pain, nosebleeds, bleeding gums, sore throat, allergies, surgeries, usual dental care, medications):The patient denies sore throat, runny nose, or sores to mouth. The patient has poor  dentition and states he sees a dentist regularly. The patient states he brushes his teeth twice daily. The patient denies seasonal allergies. | Skin, Hair and Nails (skin disease, changes in color, changes in a mole, excessive dryness or moisture, itching, bruising, rash or lesions, recent hair loss, changing nails, environmental hazards/exposures, medications):The patient denies excessive dryness or excessive moisture to skin. The patient states history of skin cancer. The patient states he has had several â€Å"spots removed† for skin cancer including his nose, right ear, and cheek. The patient denies bruising easily. | Breasts and Axilla (pain or tenderness, lumps, nipple discharge, rash, swelling, trauma or injury to breast, mammography, breast self-exam, medications):The patient denies pain or tenderness to breasts. The patient denies rash or swelling to breasts. | Peripheral Vascular and Lymphatic System (leg pain, cramps, skin changes in arms or legs, swelling in legs or ankles, swollen glands, medications):The patient denies leg pain or cramping. The patient denies swelling in lower extremities and denies taking medications to increase circulation. | Cardiovascular System (chest pain or tightness, SOB, cough, swelling of feet or hands, family history of cardiac disease, tire easily, self-history of heart disease, medications):The patient states he has a history of heart attack and high blood pressure. The patient denies shortness of breath or recent chest pain. The patient states he currently takes Coreg and Aspirin daily. | Thorax and Lungs (cough, SOB, pain on inspiration or expiration, chest pain with breathing, history of lung disease, smoking history, living/working conditions that affect breathing, last TB skin test, flu shot, pneumococcal vaccine, chest x-ray, medications):The patient denies cough or shortness of breath. The patient denies chest pain upon inspiration or expiration. The patient denies lung disease. The patient states he stopped smoking 32 years ago. The patient states he is up to date on his flu vaccination as well as his pneumonia vaccination. | Musculoskeletal System (joint pain; stiffness; swelling, heat, redness in joints; limitation of movement; muscle pain or cramping; deformity of bone or joint; accidents or trauma to bones; back pain; difficulty with activity of daily living, medications):The patient denies joint pain or stiffness. The patient denies muscle pain or cramping. The patient denies deformity of bones or joint. The patient denies history of trauma or accident to bones or muscle. The patient  denies debilitation to activities of daily living. | Gastrointestinal System (change in appetite – increase or loss; difficulty swallowing; foods not tolerated; abdominal pain; nausea or vomiting; frequency of BM; history of GI disease, ulcers, medications):The patient denies changes in appetite. The patient denies difficulty swal lowing. The patient denies foods that are not tolerated. The patient denies frequent nausea or vomiting. The patient states he has a regular bowel movement daily. The patient denies history of GI ulcers or taking medications for GERD or acid reflux. | Genitourinary System (recent change, frequency, urgency, nocturia, dysuria, polyuria, oliguria, hesitancy or straining, urine color, narrowed stream, incontinence, history of urinary disease, pain in flank, groin, suprapubic region or low back):The patient denies urgency, frequency, or dysuria. The patient denies polyuria. The patient states history of kidney stones. The patient denies incontinence or flank pain. The patient denies groin pain or low back pain. | Physical Examination(Comprehensive examination of each system. Record findings.)| Neurological System (exam of all 12 cranial nerves, motor and sensory assessments):Cranial Nerve I – Sense of smell intact evidenced by smelling an onion as well as cinnamon with eyes closed. Cranial Nerve II – Snellen eye chart eye exam shower 20/40 in bilateral eyes without corrective lenses. Patient is 20/20 in bilateral eyes with corrective lenses. Cranial Nerve II, IV, and VI – Pupils equal, round, and reactive to light and accommodation. Extraocular movements are within normal limits. Cranial Nerve V – Mastication muscles are equal bilaterally. Cranial Nerve VII – Facial symmetry noted. Facial nerves function appears within normal limits. Cranial Nerve VIII – Normal hearing functioned noted with hearing soft spoken w ords as well as normal conversation. Cranial Nerve IX and X – The patient has a positive gag reflex as well as normal appearing uvula and soft palate. Cranial Nerve XI – The sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles are symmetric. Neck and head with full range of motion. Shoulder shrug showing trapezius muscle equal bilaterally. Cranial Nerve XII – The patient’s speech is within normal limits with a midline tongue. No sores, lesions, or abnormalities of tongue noted. | Head and Neck (palpate the skull, inspect the neck, inspect the face, palpate the lymph nodes, palpate the trachea, palpate and auscultate the thyroid gland):Face is symmetric. Trachea is midline. Lymph nodes within normal limits with no  goiter noted. The patient has full range of motion to head and neck. The patient’s head is without nodules noted. The patient has strong carotid pulses present bilaterally. | Eyes (test visual acuity, visual fields, extraocular muscle function, inspect external eye structures, inspect anterior eyeball structures, inspect ocular fundus): Patient is 20/20 in bilateral eyes with corrective lenses. Extraocular movements are intact. No nystagimus or strabismus noted. Pupils are equal, round, and reactive to light and accommodation. No drainage or redness noted to bilateral eyes. Conjunctiva are pink, sclera white without redness noted. | Ears (inspect external structure, otoscopic examination, inspect tympanic membrane, test hearing acuity):The patient’s ears are symmetric. The patient has a dressing to right ear from recent skin cancer removal. Incision clear without redness or drainage. The patient’s he aring within normal limits. Bilateral tympanic membranes intact and pearly gray with normal light reflex. No perforations noted. Ear canal free of drainage. | Nose, Mouth, and Throat (Inspect and palpate the nose, palpate the sinus area, inspect the mouth, inspect the throat):The patient’s nose is symmetric with no nasal drainage noted. Nasal septum midline. The patient denies tenderness of the external nares. Nasal mucosa is pink and within normal limits. Nares patent. No nasal flaring noted. Mouth within normal limits with no sores or blisters noted to tongue. Tongue is midline. Tonsils are pink with no swelling noted. The patient has no dental caries noted, but several fillings noted. | Skin, Hair and Nails (inspect and palpate skin, temperature, moisture, lesions, inspect and palpate hair, distribution, texture, inspect and palpate nails, contour, color, teach self-examination techniques):The patient’s skin with no dryness, rashes, or acne noted. The patient has a scar noted to his nose, right ear, and left cheek. The patient states this is areas of skin cancer that have been removed. Skin turgor within normal limits with no tenting. The patient’s hair is thin with no signs of dandruff. The patient’s nails are not brittle. No clubbing noted. Capillary refill is less than three seconds. | Breasts and Axilla (deferred for purpose of class assignment)| Peripheral Vascular and Lymphatic System (inspect arms, symmetry, pulses; inspect legs, venous pattern, varicosities, pulses, color, swelling, lumps):The patient has no swelling noted to upper or lower extremities. Skin color within normal limits with no discoloration. Peripheral pulses are  strong and equal bilaterally. The patient’s legs are without varicosities. | Cardiovascular System (inspect and palpate carotid arteries, jugular venous system, precordium heave or lift, apical impulse; auscultate rate and rhythm; identify S1 and S2, any extra heart soun ds, murmur):The patient’s blood pressure is 128/78, pulse 68. Upon auscultation, the apical pulse is also 68 with regular rate and rhythm. No murmur or arrhythmia noted. S1 and S2 noted without murmur. No bruit noted. No jugular vein distention noted. | Thorax and Lungs (inspect thoracic cage, symmetry, tactile fremitus, trachea; palpate symmetrical expansion;, percussion of anterior, lateral and posterior, abnormal breathing sounds):The patient’s chest has equal and bilateral rise and fall with good muscle tone. The patient denies chest tenderness upon palpation. Respiratory rate 17 breaths per minute and regular. Tactile fremitus symmetrical over posterior lung area of the back. Lungs sounds clear in all four lobes. | Musculoskeletal System (inspect cervical spine for size, contour, swelling, mass, deformity, pain, range of motion; inspect shoulders for size, color, contour, swelling, mass, deformity, pain, range of motion; inspect elbows for size, color, contour, swelling, mass, deformity, pain, range of motion; inspect wrist and hands for size, color, contour, swelling, mass, deformity, pain, range of motion; inspect hips for size, color, contour, swelling, mass, deformity, pain, range of motion; inspect knees for size, color, contour, swelling, mass, deformity, pain, range of motion; inspect ankles and feet for size, color, contour, swelling, mass, deformity, pain and range of motion):The patient has no curvature noted to spine. The spine is without swelling or deformity. The patient denies cervical tenderness or pain. The patient’s shoulders are symmetric with full range of motion. The patient’s elbows are free of deformity with full range of motion. The patient denies pain to elbows. The patient’s wrist are free of deformity with full range of motion. The patient denies pain to wrists. The patient’s hands are free of deformity with full range of motion. The patient denies pain to hands. The patient has healed scars from bilateral carpal tunnel surgery. The patient’s hips are symmetric with full range of motion. The patient denies pain to hips. The patient’s knees are symmetric with full range of motion. No masses or deformities noted. The patient denies pain to knees. The patient’s knees are symmetric without obvious masses. The patient has full range of motion to bilateral  knees. The patient denies pain to bilateral knees. The patient’s feet are without swelling. The patient has full range of motion to ankle and foot. No obvious deformities or masses noted. Skin is intact to bilateral feet. (Jarvis, 2012).| Gastrointestinal System (contour of abdomen, general symmetry, skin color and condition, pulsation and movement, umbilicus, hair distribution; auscultate bowel sound;, percuss all four quadrants; percuss border of liver; light palpation in all four quadrants– muscle wall, tenderness, enlarged organs, masses, rebound tenderness, CVA tenderness):The patient’s abdomen is symmetric, soft, and round. The patient has normal hair distribution with skin pin k. The patient denies tenderness to all four quadrants. Bowel sounds normoactive x4 quadrants. No masses palpated. Liver palpates within normal limits. | Genitourinary System (deferred for purpose of this class)| FHP Assessment| Cognitive-Perceptual Pattern:The patient has no cognitive defects noted. | Nutritional-Metabolic Pattern:The patient states he eats breakfast, lunch, and dinner. The patient states he tries to watch what he eats. He does however state he has a weakness for ice cream. | Sexuality-Reproductive Pattern:The patient states he has been married to his wife for 28 years. He denies problems or issues with his sex life and states he is satisfied. | Pattern of EliminationThe patient states he has a regular bowel movement daily. The patient denies problems with diarrhea or constipation. The patient denies any problems with urination. The patient denies waking at night to urinate. | Pattern of Activity and Exercise:The patient states since retirement, he has slacked on his daily exercise. The patient states the only exercise he gets is daily yard work and gardening. The patient states he used to take a mile long walk, but has slacked off of that. | Pattern of Sleep and Rest:The patient states he gets 7 hours of sleep nightly. The patient denies waking throughout the night. | Pattern of Self-Perception and Self-Concept:The patient presents as a confident male who has continuous eye contact. | Summarize Your Findings(Use format that provides logical progression of assessment.)| Situation (reason for seeking care, patient statements):The patient presents today for a recheck of his healing incision to right ear status post removal of skin cancer. | Background (health and family history, recent observations):The patient  states he has a history of several skin cancer spots that have been previously removed. The patient states his mother passed away from lung cancer and his father with brain cancer. The patient denies drainage or surrounding redness to area. The patient states he applied antibiotic ointment as well as a dressing twice daily. | Assessment (assessment of health state or problems, nursing diagnosis):The patient has a healing incision noted to right ear. This incision is free of drainage or redne ss. Nursing Diagnosis: Risk for infection related to incision to right ear (Gulanick & Myers, 2007). | Recommendation (diagnostic evaluation, follow-up care, patient education teaching including health promotion education):The patient needs to continue to apply the antibiotic ointment as well as dressing to the ear twice daily. The patient needs to continue to observe the area for drainage, redness, or signs of infection. The patient needs to continue to inspect his skin for areas that may be suspicious for additional skin cancer lesions. The patient is educated on proper hand-washing skills as well as signs of fever or illness. The patient is also educated on the importance of follow up with his dermatologist. | * * * * * * References Gulanick, M., & Myers, J. (2007). Nursing care plans: Diagnosis, interventions, and outcomes. (6th ed.). St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier Mosby. Jarvis, C. (2012). Physical Examination & Health Assessment (6th ed.). St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier Saunders.

Raising a Child Essay

Both Parents Should Assume Equal Responsibility in Raising a Child A child growing up with both parents and a child growing up in single parent house have significant differences. The well being and development of a child, both psychologically and physically, rely vastly on how well each parent performs their roles. Taking care of a child is not an easy task but it is crucial that both parents assume equal responsibility in raising a child since children gets behaviors, manners from their mother and responsibility and braveness from their father. In a typical house with both parents, father works for income of the family and mother take care of the child so both parents have plenty of time to perform their roles well. For example, a child’s father will work for income to provide the family’s needs whereas a child’s mother will take care of the child for well being. As the result, the child gets care, warmth and wisdom from both parents. These make the child to grow up without any insecurity. Also by having both parents, the child will get the knowledge that only a mother or a father can give. All these factors contribute in raising a strong, healthy and well balanced child. On the other hand, in a typical single parent house since there’s only a person, that person have to be both father and mother at the same time which means supplying the family with resources for surviving and take care of the child. By only having one person doing the job for both parents, always leads to unsuccessful upbringing of a child due to lack of time. For example, a parent who’s working hard to supply the needs for the family won’t have time to take care of the child. As a result, the child will either end up in a day care center, in a friend or relative house who doesn’t give the same amount and quality of warmth and care as a parent can give. Then the child will grow up with insecurity and with weak personality.

Make Money Online Where to Find Legitimate Work From Home Jobs

Make Money Online Where to Find Legitimate Work From Home Jobs SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Do you dream of cutting out your daily commute and getting away from the office? Would you love the freedom to work from home or anywhere with an internet connection? Thanks to advances in technology, more and more people are working remotely every year. Employees can enjoy greater flexibility and freedom, and employers can discover talent all across the country and globe. This guide will tell you everything you need to know about working from home, including what skills you need and where to find legitimate work from home jobs. First, what kind of telecommuting jobs are available? What Are the Options for Working at Home? Work-from-home jobs are as varied as traditional jobs. They could be part-time, full-time, or project-based. You could get hired as a full-time employee with benefits, or you could contribute as a freelancer to a variety of companies. Some require entry-level skills, while others call for C-suite senior executives. Besides working as an employee, you could also start your own online business. You could offer a service, like teaching, consulting, programming, or editing, or start a blog and learn how to gain traffic and monetize your website. Another, though probably temporary, option for making money from home is selling goods online. If you have a lot of extra clothes, for instance, you could try selling them on eBay or an online consignment shop, like Tradesy or thredUP. For the purposes of this guide, we’ll focus mainly on part-time, full-time, and freelance work and how to make money online. You’ll find websites for full-time jobs, as well as websites for freelance projects for you to make some supplemental income. What industries are hiring, and what kind of remote online jobs are available? Would you enjoy working with international students? You could teach English to people across the world via Skype. Industries and Positions for Remote Workers There are a huge variety of industries that hire remote workers. According to FlexJobs.com, a leading search site for telecommute jobs, the information technology (IT) field has the most opportunities for online work, followed by the fields of healthcare, sales, administrative work, customer service, education, and marketing. Some of the most popular telecommuting positions are that of computer programmer, writer, engineer, marketer, medical consultant, tech support provider, recruiter, tutor, and on-call nurses. Anyone with the right skills and qualifications can earn money online in one of these positions. Now that you have a sense of the types of industries and positions that offer telecommuting positions, let’s take a closer look at where you can find your own remote job. Read on for the full list of the best search websites for legitimate work at home jobs. If you're a programmer, you're in luck! There are lots of remote work opportunities for people who know how to code. Where to Find Work From Home Jobs: Best Job Search Websites How can you turn your dream of telecommuting into a reality? It all starts with the job search. These websites are the best online resources for locating a remote job that matches up with your skillset and professional goals. Read on for the best websites for legitimate work at home jobs in four categories: 1, part-time and full-time work at home jobs, 2, freelance opportunities and short-term projects, 3, tech jobs, and 4, general searches to make money online. For Part-Time and Full-Time Jobs These websites feature home-based jobs for people looking for how to earn money online and work remotely on a long-term basis, whether in a part-time or full-time role. Most of the sites are free, with the exception of FlexJobs and Virtual Vocations. FlexJobs FlexJobs is one of the best sites to find home based jobs. It has over 50 job categories across all different industries and experience levels. FlexJobs vets all its job postings thoroughly, so you know that they’re all legitimate. You can find thousands of part-time, full-time, and freelance opportunities. The only downside of FlexJobs is that it has a fee: $14.95 per month or $49.95 per year. WeWorkRemotely.com WeWorkRemotely presents a frequently updated list of part-time and full-time work from home opportunities. While it’s not the most comprehensive list, it features well-paying jobs at top tech companies and start-ups for skilled professionals. The job categories are programming, customer support, developmental operations and system administration, marketing, content writing, copywriting, design, and business executive and management, along with a few miscellaneous. When you get a remote job, you could choose to work very remotely. Bali, anyone? Remote OK Remote OK caters to the tech-savvy remote worker with a background in programming or design. It also features some non-tech jobs and a list of start-ups with distributed teams. The user interface is sleek and easy to use. Jobspresso Jobspresso provides high-quality part-time and full-time jobs at companies located all across the world. Career categories include web development, marketing, project management, support, writing, and systems administration. Crossover Crossover both hires remote workers itself and connects companies with remote workers all over the world. Some categories include software development, sales, marketing, finance, and executive management. You’ll mostly find full-time jobs, some with salaries well over $100k a year. Skip the Drive Skip the Drive lists a range of work at home jobs in industries ranging from consulting to nursing to account management. You can search openings on the site or set up an email alert to get notified about new postings in any of the job categories. With a remote job, your commute gets cut way down, perhaps to the time it takes to get from your bed to your couch. Virtual Vocations Virtual Vocations lists hundreds of pre-screened remote job opportunities in over 50 categories. You can access some of the listings for free, or get unlimited access for $15.99 a month or $59.99 for six months. Homewiththekids.com Home With the Kids caters to stay-at-home parents looking for remote part-time or full-time jobs. It has work from home jobs in over 30 categories, along with other resources, like articles and chat forums, for parents who work from home. For Freelance Opportunities and Short-Term Projects These sites connect freelancers with employers looking for help on specific projects. Most require you to fill out a profile with your skills and experience. The more you work, the better your reputation will be on the site, and the greater your chance of getting hired to earn money from home. Freelancer.com Freelancer connects freelancing writers, programmers, marketers, and other professionals with employers for short-term or long-term projects. Project categories include writing, IT, business services, data entry, translation, sales, and marketing. Upwork Upwork matches freelancers with employers for one-time projects or part-time remote work opportunities. You’ll need to create an account and profile with your resume, skills, experience, and a link to a portfolio or any published work. For each project, you’ll need to submit a proposal. Once a project is finished, the employer leaves feedback on your profile so that you can build up a reputation for good online work over time. Fiverr Fiverr is a place where freelancers can look for short-term projects that pay anywhere from $5 and up. They can also post a service, like â€Å"I will test your website from a user’s point of view† or â€Å"I will add animation sound effects to video.† To use Fiverr, you’ll need to create an account and profile. Some remote job websites feature listings for short-term, freelance projects. For Jobs in Tech As you read above, many sites offer legitimate work from home jobs for software programmers and web developers. The following sites cater specifically to professionals in tech. If you know Ruby or Python, then these sites have work for you. Stack Overflow Stack Overflow features jobs for software engineers and developers. When you browse, just type â€Å"remote† or â€Å"telecommute† in the search field to narrow down your options. The site also has QA forums where developers can troubleshoot issues together. Ruby Now Are you a Ruby developer? Ruby Now has a list of jobs specifically for Ruby developers. You can also join the email list to get the most recent jobs. Power to Fly Power to Fly is a new website that seeks to match women in tech with remote job opportunities at Fortune 500 companies and start-ups that â€Å"value gender diversity and inclusion.† To use the site, you need to create an account and go through the vetting process. Once you’re matched with a company, you’ll do online work for a two to four week â€Å"paid trial,† after which you’ll get hired or try your luck somewhere else to find a better fit. Power to Fly matches women in tech with remote job opportunities. For General Job Searches While the above job search sites cater exclusively to remote work, general job sites also advertise many remote opportunities. You can search for telecommuting jobs on Monster.com, Indeed.com, or CareerBuilder.com by typing â€Å"work from home,† â€Å"remote,† or â€Å"telecommute† in the search field. Idealist.org (which provides opportunities for socially conscious work, often at non-profit organizations) has the option to narrow your search results to remote jobs. MediaBistro.com features writing, editing, and publishing jobs, some of which are remote. AngelList features opportunities at growing start-ups. Finally, you could also search around Craigslist for work from home opportunities, though you’ll have to explore different cities to get a full sense of what’s available. One useful site for writers is FreelanceWritingGigs.com, as it collects all the writing and editing jobs on Craigslist across all locations into one daily list. Since anyone can post to Craigslist, you’ll need to be careful that a posting is real and not a scam. Apart from using a job search engine, you can also check out the official website of a company to see if it has jobs at home available. You can use a well-established job search website, like Monster or Indeed, to find legitimate work at home jobs if you filter the results. Top Companies of 2016 With Remote Jobs To help people find telecommuting work, FlexJobs creates a yearly list of the top 100 companies and universities with work from home jobs. These are the top 20 companies on its 2016 list. As you can see, the companies represent a variety of industries and opportunities. LiveOps TeleTech Amazon Sutherland Global Services UnitedHealth Group Dell IBM U.S. Department of Agriculture Working Solutions Humana Aetna Intuit Kaplan Kelly Services Cactus Communications Westat Salesforce PAREXEL CyberCoders American Express Beside these big corporations, you’ll find work from home jobs at more recently established companies, like Groupon, Airbnb, and Wordpress. Some of these companies have moved away from the term â€Å"remote worker,† by the way, instead preferring to call their employees a â€Å"distributed team.† If there’s a particular company you’re interested in, then you should check out its careers page. While there are a lot of great remote positions available, there are also, unfortunately, some scams in this relatively new and unregulated domain. What warning signs should you look for as you distinguish the real work at home jobs from the fake ways to make online? Some companies are 100% remote, relying on a team that's distributed all across the world. What to Watch Out For: Avoid These Scams If you’ve ever job searched on Craigslist, you may have come across posts promising that you’ll earn thousands of dollars a month by working from home. These posts don’t say much about the company or job, and chances are that whoever is on the other end will start asking for your personal information right off the bat. Make sure you never give out personal information, like your social security or bank account numbers, until you’re confident that you have a real job offer. How can you evaluate whether the offer is real? First, you should make sure that the hiring manager works for an established company. The job advertisement should state the company name, rather than ask you to apply to a blind email address. Legitimate work from home jobs will have some sort of an application process, whether it requires an interview, samples of your work, or a mock project to evaluate your skills. Even if you don’t have to interview, you’ll probably need to share some examples of your experiences and skills. If you’re looking at a full-time remote job, then you’ll likely have a face-to-face interview over Skype or Google Hangouts. If you get an offer to make money from home without any kind of application process, then chances are that the job is not legitimate. A real job will also have some guidance on what kind of employee you are, whether you’re a W2 employee with benefits or are contributing as an independent contractor. If you’re an independent contractor, then you’ll eventually need a 1099 form from the employer to file your taxes. Ask the potential employer for this information on taxes both to learn more about the position and to gauge whether or not the job is a scam. Generally speaking, scams are easy to spot with their exaggerated promises and vague details. If you do your research, communicate with the employer, and still feel that something isn’t right, then you should trust your instincts. Make sure that you’re confident in a job offer before quitting your current job or giving away valuable personal information. Once you apply to a work from home job, get hired, and make the switch, what skills will you need to succeed as a remote worker? If an ad promises big bucks for little work, then it may be a scam. What Skills Do You Need to Work Remotely? If you’ve always held a job in a traditional work environment, then switching to remote work could be a big adjustment. There are both benefits and challenges to working remotely, and you should give them some serious consideration to decide whether working from home is right for you. These are the main features that could take some getting used to. #1: Communicating Online, Rather Than in Person First, working remotely is, to state the obvious, remote. You don’t have a team of co-workers to interact with directly on a daily basis. You may communicate throughout the day, but that interaction will likely be moved online and conducted through chat or email. Some people prefer this style of communication, but others could find it isolating. You also may need to work a little harder to stay connected to your team, as well as make sure you know how to use the technology to communicate. #2: Staying Motivated and Accountable Because you’re working remotely, you’ll have a lot of independence to direct your work. You’ll need to minimize distractions and figure out when, where, and how you’re most productive. You may need to come up with strategies to keep track of time, meet deadlines, and overcome procrastination. You’re largely responsible for creating your own routines and sticking to them. There are a lot of apps that can help you track your time and beat procrastination. Toggl, for instance, tracks your time so you know how many hours you’re spending on each project. Rescue Time will show you what fraction of each day you've spent clicking around Facebook or getting lost down a rabbit hole of YouTube videos. Trello and Evernote are easy-to-use apps for managing projects and recording ideas. Focus@will offers concentration-enhancing music or white noise, while StayFocused will temporarily block distracting websites while you work. There are lots of apps to help you stay accountable, but ultimately, you’re responsible for self-directing your work and managing your time. When you work remotely, you're responsible for directing your work and managing your time. #3: Filing Your Own Taxes As mentioned above, working remotely may involve working as an independent contractor. In this case, you’ll have to file your own taxes with a 1099 form. As an independent contractor, your employer won't withhold income, Social Security, or Medicare taxes. You’ll have to pay these taxes on your own. If you use a tax preparation software, like Turbo Tax, then you might have to pay an additional fee of about $30 to prepare your 1099 returns. The process isn’t all that complicated, but you’ll have to exercise financial self-control over the year. If you’re an independent contractor, you’ll need to save a portion of your earnings to pay taxes at the end of the tax season. #4: Taking Control of Your Career Path Finally, working from home may put more onus on you to plan your career trajectory. You may need to be more proactive about developing new skills and figuring out the next steps of your career. Before making the leap to working from home, think about the pros and cons that come along with the total independence of remote work. All that being said, working from home doesn’t have to mean that you’re working alone. Outside of any co-workers with whom you can chat online, you may also come across supportive communities of like-minded, remote-working peers. When you work remotely, you're largely on your own. You have to be proactive about forging the path toward your professional goals. Finding Communities While Working From Home Working online is getting more and more popular every year. There are lots of people that are dedicated to the remote lifestyle and share their thoughts and tips in online forums or in-person meet-ups and co-working spaces. For instance, HomeWithTheKids.com caters to parents who work at home. In addition to job postings, they host chat forums where parents can share their thoughts and ideas. Remote workers who strive to be â€Å"digital nomads,† or to work from anywhere in the world with an internet connection, organize meet-ups in various cities through websites like Meetup.com. There are even a few companies, like Remote Year and We Roam, that bring remote employees together to work and develop their skills while traveling to a new country every month. Many cities also offer co-working spaces, which remote workers can use when they want a break from their home office (or couch). Workbar, for instance, has locations throughout Boston for â€Å"growing start-ups, creative entrepreneurs, independent professionals, and enterprise teams.† Co-working spaces allow you to have freedom over your schedule and location while still connecting and learning from people across different industries. Whatever your niche, you’ll likely be able to find a forum online or offline with like-minded individuals interested in forging a supportive community. While some individuals work remotely 100% of the time, others split their schedule between home and an office. If you’d like to change your working arrangement, how could you broach this conversation with your boss? If you travel while you work, you can find communities of fellow digital nomads. Can You Work From Home in Your Current Job? Do you work online a lot of the time and want to divide your time between the office and home? While broaching the subject with your boss can be tough, it might be worth it to get the flexible schedule you desire. To switch to a split schedule, you need to show your boss that you can be just as reliable, productive, and dedicated at home as you are in the office. You should present a plan for how you’ll meet deadlines, produce high-quality work, and remain accessible. Show your boss that you can make the most of technology - email, Skype, Slack, Facetime, etc. - to stay connected. Whether you want to get rid of a rough commute, find your own quiet space, or simply feel more productive away from the 9 to 5 office chair, your reasons for wanting to work remotely are legitimate. You should communicate how working remotely would boost your productivity and help you bring value to your company. Employers are hearing and heeding the call for more flexible work arrangements. Hopefully, your employer will be open to the arrangement, too. In closing, let’s go over some final thoughts about work from home jobs and how to make the switch to remote employment. If you talk to your boss about a split schedule, she might be open to a more flexible work arrangement. Finding a Work From Home Job: Final Thoughts Working remotely all or part of the time is an increasingly popular trend that is only expected to grow in the future. According to Forbes, over 30 million people work from home at least once a week. Over three million professionals are entirely remote, and the majority of that group say they’re happier working from home. Remote working offers a great deal of flexibility, whether you’re freelancing and building a portfolio, holding a part-time job while being a stay-at-home parent, or working full-time for an established corporation or exciting new start-up. You can supplement your income with online projects or get full-time work with benefits that is 100% remote. Some professionals even travel the world while working and developing skills as a growing group of so-called digital nomads. Once a fringe movement, working from home is an increasingly popular, legitimate, and available option for anyone from entry-level employees to high-level executives. If working from home sounds like the right option for you, then search around for opportunities on a job search engine or head to a company's career page. You might land a great job that matches your professional skills and goals and gives you the freedom to work whenever and wherever you're most productive.

Influence of marginal and absorption costing mething and their similarities Essays

Influence of marginal and absorption costing mething and their similarities Essays Influence of marginal and absorption costing mething and their similarities Essay Influence of marginal and absorption costing mething and their similarities Essay Influence OF MARGINAL A ; ABSORPTION COSTING Fringy cost is fundamentally a portion of variable cost, which includes the direct labor, Direct Material and Direct Expenses. Fringy cost should be defined as the accounting system where variable system should be charged to the cost of units and the fixed cost for the period of clip which is to the full aggregative part. Its particular value is in determination devising. Fringy cost = Variable cost + Variable Overhead The fringy cost is straight with the volume of production and fringy cost per unit is the same, which consist premier cost that is cost of direct labor, stuff and other variable operating expense. It will be incorporate the fixed cost. The fringy cost is the cost which has been incurred to bring forth an excess unit of production is called fringy cost. Example If an organisation has produce 1000 unit at cost of ? 20,000 Where as if the addition in 1 unit i.e. 1001 unit and cost would be ? 20200 Then MARGINAL COST would be ? 200. ADVANTAGES OF MARGINAL COST Fringy cost is fundamentally have an advantages of the cost control by and large facilitated to avoiding the fixed operating expense cost and concentrated on to the keeping the consistent of fringy cost utile to assorted degrees of direction. It is fundamentally help to understand to the variable cost and fixed costs. It besides shows the relationship between the cost, monetary value and their volumes. The fringy cost would be aid to the short term net income planning by the interruption even charts and net income graph, and aid to the direction determination. With the fringy cost company can acquire maximal return to the concern. The effects of the production and gross revenues policies are more clearly seen and understand with the fringy cost. Disadvantage There are certain disadvantages would be associated with the marginal costs which are as under. It is really hard to segregate to understand the all the cost which are fundamentally misdirecting the consequence. It should be ignored the fixed cost, which show different image at the clip. The job is that the over or under the overhead cost is apportioned on estimated footing and non on the existent. The clip factor is besides play an critical function where public presentation between two period will bring forth deceptive consequences. ABSORPTION Costing Absorption cost means the cost which includes all the fabrication costs which are absorbed by the unit of green goods. On the other manus, the cost of a finished unit in stock list will include direct stuff, labor and all the variable cost and fixed fabrication operating expense. Absorption costing is contrasted with variable costing or direct costing with the other fabrication operating expense. ADVANTAGES OF ABSORPTION COSTING In soaking up costing will traveling to include all the cost which are related to the concern activities like fixed cost, variable cost and production cost. This cost is besides used for the readying of the fiscal histories when the production of the company should be remains changeless but sale would be fluctuate. DISADVANTAGES OF ABSORPTION COSTING The disadvantages of the soaking up bing would be emphasised on the entire cost i.e. variable and fixed cost. It is non utile the direction for the devising determination about the planning and controlling. An illustration show that difference between fringy cost and soaking up cost. XYZ Ltd. is being started their operation in 2008. There is certain information available for May 2008 to July 2008 about the company s production. To cipher fringy and soaking up cost. Particulars ? Selling monetary values per Unit of measurements 100 Direct Labour Per Units 20 Direct Material per Unit 10 Fixed Factory Overhead Per Months 30000 Variable Factory Overhead per Unit of measurements 5 Fixed Selling Operating expenses 1000 Variable selling Overhead per Unit of measurements 4 Budgeted activities which was expected that 2000 units to be each month green goods and sold for each month were as follows MAY June July Unit of measurement SOLD 1000 800 1300 Unit of measurement PRODUCE 1000 1300 1000 MARGINAL COST Particular MAY June July Gross saless 100000 80000 1100000 Lupus erythematosuss: Variable Cost of Goods sold ( ? 35 ) 35000 28000 385500 PRODUCT CONTRIBUTION MARGIN 65000 52000 71500 Lupus erythematosuss: Variable Selling Operating expense 4000 3200 4400 Entire CONTRIBUTION MARGIN 61000 48800 67100 Lupus erythematosuss: Fixed mill Overhead 30000 30000 30000 Fixed Selling Operating expenses 1000 1000 1000 Net Net income 30000 32800 30100 Absorption Cost Particular MAY June July Gross saless 100000 80000 1100000 LESS: Cost of Goods sold ( ?65 ) 65000 52000 71500 A A 28000 38500 Attention deficit disorder: Absorption of mill operating expense 9000 -3000 GROSS Net income 35000 37000 35500 Lupus erythematosuss: Fixed Selling Operating expense 1000 1000 1000 Variable Selling Operating expense 4000 3200 4400 Net Net income 30000 32800 30100 MARGINAL COST Vs ABSORPTION COST After utilizing the two techniques we had seen that the net net income would non be same at every clip because of following ground. Over and Under Absorption overhead cost In soaking up costing, fixed operating expense can neer absorbed precisely because of trouble in calculating cost and volume of end product. If these balance of under or over captive because of costing net income and loss history, the existent sum incurred is non shown in it, whereas fringy costing is really fixed overhead incurred in entirely charged against part which will be some difference in net net incomes. Difference in Stock Valuation In fringy costing work in advancement and finished stock are valued at fringy cost but in soaking up cost it is calculated as production cost, and that is the ground net income will be different Many of clip soaking up cost and fringy cost consequence would be find as Absorption costing net income = Marginal costing net income Absorption costing net income gt ; Marginal costing net income Absorption costing net income lt ; Marginal costing net income

Sulfuric Acid and Sugar Chemistry Demonstration

Sulfuric Acid and Sugar Chemistry Demonstration One of the most spectacular chemistry demonstrations is also one of the simplest. Its the dehydration of sugar (sucrose) with sulfuric acid. Basically, all you do to perform this demonstration is put ordinary table sugar in a glass beaker and stir in some concentrated sulfuric acid (you can dampen the sugar with a small volume of water before adding the sulfuric acid). The sulfuric acid removes water from the sugar in a highly exothermic reaction, releasing heat, steam, and sulfur oxide fumes. Aside from the sulfurous odor, the reaction smells a lot like caramel. The white sugar turns into a black carbonized tube that pushes itself out of the beaker. Chemistry Demonstration Sugar is a carbohydrate, so when you remove the water from the molecule, youre basically left with elemental carbon. The dehydration reaction is a type of elimination reaction. C12H22O11 (sugar) H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) → 12 C (carbon) 11 H2O (water) mixture water and acid Although the sugar is dehydrated, the water isnt lost in the reaction. Some of it remains as a liquid in the acid. Since the reaction is exothermic, much of the water is boiled off as steam. Safety Precautions If you do this demonstration, use proper safety precautions. Whenever you deal with concentrated sulfuric acid, you should wear gloves, eye protection, and a lab coat. Consider the beaker a loss, since scraping burnt sugar and carbon off of it isnt an easy task. Its preferable to perform the demonstration inside of a fume hood.

Select two approaches to counselling which might be useful in Essay

Select two approaches to counselling which might be useful in education, and describe their assumptions and methods. Critically discuss their relevance and suitability for counselling in schools - Essay Example A theoretical approach presents a position that regards the theory and practice of counselling. A school of counselling can be viewed as a grouping of different theoretical approaches, which are similar to each other in terms of fundamental characteristics, which distinguishes them from theoretical approaches in counselling schools. The three main schools, which influence psychotherapy practice and contemporary counselling are usually separated into three overlapping and distinct traditions or schools of theoretical approach that have informed the practice of counselling. They are the humanistic school, the psychodynamic school and the cognitive/behavioral school (Greig, 2007). The humanistic/existential school has its roots in the works of pioneers such as Rogers, Moreno, Maslow, Berne, Binswanger, May, Perls and Boss characterized by a belief in self-actualization and choice. The humanistic school sometimes incorporate existential approach hence gets the broader title humanistic-existential school. It is based on humanism, a system of beliefs and values which emphasizes the better qualities of human beings and individuals’ abilities to develop their human potential. The humanistic counselors often emphasize enhancing clients’ abilities to reason and behave in harmony with their underlying habits to actualize themselves as unique characters. Describing humanistic/existential approach to the development of mental disorders is a considerable challenge. Humanistic approaches in many aspects are philosophical in nature, speak to the nature of the individual’s condition, deal with values and prefer a holistic view of the person. The humanistic/existential approaches evolved as a reaction to the determinism of the early models of psychopathology. Many psychologists were disturbed that Freudian theory did not touch on the inner world of the client but categorized the client according to preconceived diagnoses. They described a client in terms of psychic

Discussion question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 30

Discussion question - Essay Example sets of different but related jobs), while allowing various positions in the job family to be hierarchically placed thus supporting organizations equate the position to the jobs and the job family as well and this can be used in salaries and wage determination (Hartley, 1999). Notably research has over time challenged the use of worker trait inventories in job analysis due to non-measurable aspects. However, through competency which is the state  of  being  effective or  well  qualified  physically  and  rationally through knowledge, skills abilities, values and interest combination, non measurable traits factors have been measured. This is possible through competency based selection systems where objectives, strategies and jobs are harmonized with an individual during employee selection. On the other hand, task based systems focus on job operations hence failing to recognize individuals’ ability in contributing to the organization (Hartley, 1999). In my opinion I would choose a flight piloted by an individual chosen using the task based selection system over one chosen by a competency based system. This is because competency seeks only to match the skills and ability to fly or perform the task yet no past experiences are observed a s high degree of competence or skill i.e. proficiency should be upheld in task performance. This is further described by the principal difference of proficiency level and skill. Proficiency level implies adequate expertise level while skill is the level of proficiency beyond

Globalization and Inequality in Developing Nations Research Paper

Globalization and Inequality in Developing Nations - Research Paper Example However, globalization has progressively changed these aspects thereby introducing a new view and ways of governance, conducting business and living. It has been argued that gradually, globalization leads to a rising tide of income for particular groups in developing nations thereby creating inequality (Yusuf 32). Opponents of globalization, on the other hand, argue that while the aspect does improve overall income standards (in the eventual long run); such benefits are however not shared equitably, amongst a nation’s citizenry population (Yusuf 34). Moreover, they are concerned with the fact that widening income disparities, do not only raise both social and welfare concerns but that they also do limit the pertinent drivers of growth and industry. This is informed by the fact that the various opportunities created by the process, may not necessarily become fully exploited especially by the low-income earning bracket (Yusuf 36). Thus ultimately, they envisage the sustainability of the process (globalization), being adversely affected by the rising standards of inequality. This is despite its dependence on the maintenance of broader support across not only state but also global populations (Yusuf 37). This is perhaps the main reason why there continues to exist, continuous heated debate, on the need and importance of the process of human development. Without doubt, the process of globalization has benefited mankind and at the same time brought a cost to overall social contexts through inequalities.

Judgment Heuristic and Biases Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Judgment Heuristic and Biases - Essay Example These heuristics are very useful but at times can leads to severe and systematic errors. ( Harding,707 and Tversky, Kahneman,1124) In case of representative heuristics (Tversky and Kahneman, 1126), the likelihood of an event is judged based upon the extent to which it represents the essential features of the parent population or the generating process. Representative heuristic is generally used by people to make judgment or impression about someone or something. (Koning, 1) The relative frequency of an event often depends on the availability or accessability of the object or the event under perception memory or construction of imagination. This is availability heuristics. (Garns, 1) A bias is any of a wide range of observer effects identified in cognitive science and social psychology including very basic statistical, social attribution, and memory errors that are common to all human beings. Biases drastically skew the reliability of anecdotal and legal evidence. (Doughert and Franco-Watkins, 23) For example, the apparent distance of an object is determined in part by its clarity. The more sharply the object is seen, the closer it appears to be.

Worming your way to better health by Science News Article

Worming your way to better health by Science News - Article Example The presence of certain parasites within the body that tone down the host immune system has caused a significant reduction in autoimmune diseases and also lowered their rate of relapse (Seppa, 2011). However, risks are associated when such parasites are acquired or bought without any regulation and if used improperly (Seppa, 2011). Write up one quote from the material, using a signal phrase, a quote and your own comment. Include an APA style parenthetical citation. â€Å"Worms know more about the human immune system than we do.† Researchers are working to crack the mechanisms by which these organisms tone down the host immune system which would be useful in preventing diseases which are characterized by chronic inflammation (Seppa, 2011). Take a position and write a paragraph APA style based on the article. The article elaborates on the presence of worms such as parasitic worms or helminthes within the human body and how they affect the immune system of the humans. Though deve lopments in the field of science have designed drugs that would disrupt the colonization of such parasite within the human body, recent research has revealed that the development of recurrence of certain auto-immune diseases was lowered by the presence of these organisms as they were able to control the chronic inflammation by suppressing the immune system of the host.

Quantitative Research Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Quantitative Research - Article Example In essence, while the research could have reported the challenges facing existing structures, gaps, and failures as basis for the training program produced, it simply dwells on the aspects it considered important. This in essence results in some form of biased study with a predetermined direction. From the onset, it is evident that the study is limited to what the researchers prefer as important rather than on previous research support or any gaps previously identified. The literature review tries to address a number of issues in relation how counselors, ESL teachers and ESL learners interact amongst themselves. The literature reviewed in the paper puts emphasis in three distinct areas. â€Å"These are the significance of and need for multicultural competency in school counseling; the significance of serving ESL students in school counseling; and the significance of and need for collaboration in school counseling.† (p. 3) As much as these are an important part of literature re view and also highlight the importance of bridging the gap between the three groups, it falls short of identifying the areas of the existing structures and hence justifies need for the proposed experiential system. However, this gap is bridged by the section which addresses the rationale for the experiential training project. This however still fails to emphasize the selection of the research questions. As matter of fact, there is a visible detachment between the research questions and the literature. The study by Burnham, Mantero, & Hooper (2009) lists six variables which efforts to answer the research questions are directed towards. These include the following: 1. Pre-training education and assignment to an ESL class; 2. collaboration, coordination, consultation, and teaming with ESL teachers, which involved guidance curriculum planning, development, and implementation based on ESL student needs in the classroom; 3. Teaching classroom guidance lessons; 4. critiquing guidance lesso ns (i.e., self and peer critiques); 5. ongoing synthesis during class discussions; and 6. Post-training education (Burnham, Mantero, & Hooper, 2009). Nonetheless, it is important to mention that the variables are simply mentioned with no clear definitions. The authors also fail to create a clear illustration of what each of the variables constitute in the article. For as much as the variables are closely obvious, it would have been much more appropriate if the scope of each variable was well defined for the reader. Further, the variables enlarge the overall scope of the research making it almost impossible to cover each area of the research within a single paper. Focusing on a single area would have resulted into a more comprehensive research. The results section is perhaps the most useful and comprehensive part of the research. Using the pre-defined set of questions, the research offers a comprehensive analysis of the areas deemed as completely important in the study. The research adopted group interviews as the prime research methodology. The interview approach opens the study to a wide range of data. Issues not previously covered in the research questions also emerged as questionnaire sought to collect as much information as possible from the respondents. Additionally, as the researchers’

Worming your way to better health by Science News Article

Worming your way to better health by Science News - Article Example The presence of certain parasites within the body that tone down the host immune system has caused a significant reduction in autoimmune diseases and also lowered their rate of relapse (Seppa, 2011). However, risks are associated when such parasites are acquired or bought without any regulation and if used improperly (Seppa, 2011). Write up one quote from the material, using a signal phrase, a quote and your own comment. Include an APA style parenthetical citation. â€Å"Worms know more about the human immune system than we do.† Researchers are working to crack the mechanisms by which these organisms tone down the host immune system which would be useful in preventing diseases which are characterized by chronic inflammation (Seppa, 2011). Take a position and write a paragraph APA style based on the article. The article elaborates on the presence of worms such as parasitic worms or helminthes within the human body and how they affect the immune system of the humans. Though deve lopments in the field of science have designed drugs that would disrupt the colonization of such parasite within the human body, recent research has revealed that the development of recurrence of certain auto-immune diseases was lowered by the presence of these organisms as they were able to control the chronic inflammation by suppressing the immune system of the host.

Communication Between Men and Women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Communication Between Men and Women - Essay Example Tannen, in her book entitled â€Å"You Just Dont Understand†, argues that even if boys and girls are brought up in the same house, on the same block or in the same locality, they grow up in different words or worlds. These communication differences between the two sexes begin at very early stage. According to her, these sex differences in ways of communicating are evident even in three-year-old children, about the time when language is developed. While they want to get their way, both girls and boys use language differently to do so. She explains that while little boys talk to boast, little girls often talk to be liked. Little boys make demands; little girls make requests. Little boys prolong conflict; little girls speak to build harmony. Little boys talk directly; little girls talk more indirectly. Additionally, while little boys use more actions, little girls talk more with words (Kelley, 2010). Recently, there has been the study of men and women’s communication styles scientifically and researchers as well as linguists have documented the apparent distinctions that characterize gender communication. Tannen, a well-respected linguistics scholar and professor who has carried out research and written books regarding gender communication, asserts that women and men express themselves differently and for different reasons. These differences in communication are evident during opposite gender and same gender conversation, during one-on-one and small group communications. Women and men express gender communication distinctions in style, structure and content. Women often talk about feelings, relationships and people while men most often discuss money, sports and business. Women most often express themselves/talk to connect, to understand and to support while men often talk for competition, to resolve or fix problems. While talking, women are more